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Correct Answer: B

Productivity is the ratio of real output to a unit of input. Increased productivity is the goal of every organization because its effect is to improve the ultimate measures of performance, such as the profits of a business. For a retail store, a critical output of interest is revenue per square foot. The floor space in the store is a limited resource whose productivity should be analyzed.

Correct Answer: A

Brainstorming is an aid to creativity in group decision making. This technique requires a group meeting, possibly online, to develop solutions in a criticism-free context. All ideas are recorded and are later either discarded or more fully developed. Thus, a nonjudgmental environment is essential. Moreover, to create such an environment or to avoid having personality conflicts interfere with the process, a means of conferring anonymity on the participants is sometimes used. However, brainstorming suffers from a structural weakness of group decision making, dispersal of accountability.

Correct Answer: C

The communication process has five elements:the sender, the symbols in which the message is encoded, the medium through which the message flows, the receiver, and feedback. Because the effectiveness of communication can be known only by its impact on the receiver and the perceived change in the receiver's behavior, the received message is what is communicated. The sent message may be garbled in encoding, in transmission, or in the receiver's decoding.

Correct Answer: C

Perception is the process through which someone gives meaning to the surrounding environment. Perception consists of three subprocesses:selectivity, organization, and interpretation. Objectives focus upon the purpose of communication rather than the receipt and interpretation perception).

Correct Answer: B

The interactionist view is that conflict may be constructive as well as destructive because it encourages self-criticism, creativity, and necessary change. Accordingly, managers may decide to stimulate controlled conflict. Techniques for this purpose may include ambiguous or threatening communications; hiring outsiders with different values, managerial styles, attitudes, and backgrounds; designating an individual to argue against the majority opinions of the group:and restructuring the organization to disrupt the status quo.