Reading Material
(1)
A research team from the University of Bonn has succeeded for the first time in using light stimuli to
stop life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia in mouse hearts. (2) Furthermore, as shown in computer
simulations at Johns Hopkins University, this technique could also be used successfully for human hearts.
(3)
The study opens up a whole new approach to the development of implantable optical defibrillators, in
which the strong electrical impulses of conventional defibrillators are replaced by gentler, pain-free light
impulses. (4) The Journal of Clinical Investigation has now published the results. (5) Ventricular fibrillation!
(6)
When the heart muscle races and no longer contracts in an orderly fashion, sudden death often follows
due to the lack of blood circulation. (7) In such an emergency, a defibrillator helps to restore normal heart
activity by means of intense electrical shocks. (8) In patients with a known risk for these arrhythmia, the
prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator is the treatment of choice. (9) If ventricular fibrillation is detected,
a pulse of electricity is automatically generated, which normalizes the excitation of the heart muscle and
saves the person's life.
(10)
"When an implanted defibrillator is triggered, which unfortunately can also happen because of false
detection of arrhythmia, it is always a very traumatic event for the patient", says the head of the study,
Junior-Professor Philipp Sasse of the Institute of Physiology I at the University of Bonn. (11) "The strong
electrical shock is very painful and can even damage the heart further". (12) Therefore, Professor Sasse's
team investigated the principles for a pain-free, gentler alternative. (13) As the scientists have now shown,
ventricular fibrillation can be stopped by optical defibrillation.
All of these statements are facts except ____.
A.
The triggering of an implanted defibrillator can be a painful experience for the cardiac patient.
B.
Optical defibrillation is the best alternative for all cardiac patients.
C.
When the heart does not contract in an orderly fashion, sudden death is often the result.
D.
Scientists successfully used light stimuli to stop cardiac arrhythmia in mouse hearts.
Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.
The patient's stomach appeared distended, and the physician decided to order an ultrasound.
A. bloated
B. weeping
C. sponge-like
D. robust
The nurse noted in the chart, "The patient was rational when he decided to agree to the necessary surgery." Describe the patient's behavior.
A. jarring
B. daring
C. reasonable
D. exemplary
Select the meaning of the underlined word in the sentence.
The nurse knew her shift would cease at 07:30 and she would be able to go home.
A. end
B. prolong
C. continue
D. succeed
Which word most nearly means enervate?
A. fortify
B. debilitate
C. rectify
D. energize
Which word or phrase in the following sentence in the simple predicate?
Due to her stingy nature, the famous actress was not generous with her friends and family.
A. Due to her stingy nature
B. the famous actress
C. was generous
D. generous
What is the correct way to write the missing words in this sentence?
The children learned that the ____ is sometimes considered a turning point of the war.
A. Siege of Vicksburg
B. siege of vicksburg
C. Siege Of Vicksburg
D. siege of Vicksburg
What is the correct way to write the missing words in this sentence? Cara chose to study Jupiter, Saturn, ____ for her science project.
A. Neptune, and The Sun
B. neptune, and the sun
C. Neptune, and the Sun
D. Neptune, and the sun
Worms lack which of these?
A. eyes and brain
B. eyes and ears
C. brain and ears
D. nose and brain
Which of these describes the properties of a real gas?
A. It possesses mass.
B. It collides elastically with other gas particles when inside of a closed container.
C. It has no mass.
D. It can be accurately modeled using the equation pV = nRT, where p is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature.
What is the molar mass of calcium if its atomic mass is 40 amu?
A. 80 grams/mole
B. 1 gram/mole
C. 40 grams/mole
D. 20 grams/mole
In the formula C12H22O11, the 12 following the carbon represents 12 ____ of carbon.
A. atoms
B. neutrons
C. electrons
D. molecules