CLO-002 Online Practice Questions and Answers

Correct Answer: D

Explanation: A hybrid cloud deployment model includes application components on a company's network as well as on the Internet. A hybrid cloud is a combination of two or more cloud deployment models, such as public, private, or community, that are connected by a common network or technology. A hybrid cloud allows the company to leverage the benefits of both public and private clouds, such as scalability, cost-efficiency, security, and control. A hybrid cloud can also enable the company to use different cloud services for different types of workloads, such as sensitive data, high-performance computing, or disaster recovery12. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ Certification | CompTIA IT Certifications, CompTIA Cloud Essentials+: Essential Cloud Principles, CompTIA Cloud Essentials CLO-002 Certification Study Guide, CompTIA Cloud+ Certification Exam Objectives

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: A baseline is a snapshot of the current state of a system or an environment that serves as a reference point for future comparisons. A baseline can capture various aspects of a system, such as performance, cost, configuration, and resource utilization. By generating a baseline while the application is running on-premises, the company can better predict the cloud budget for the project by estimating the cloud resources and services that would match or exceed the baseline values. A baseline can also help the company to monitor and optimize the cloud deployment and identify any anomalies or deviations from the expected behavior. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ CLO-002 Study Guide, Chapter 5: Cloud Migration, page 1971; Addressing Cloud Security with Infrastructure Baselines - Fugue2

Correct Answer: B

A hybrid cloud migration approach involves using a combination of on-premises and cloud resources to host an application. A hybrid cloud migration approach is suitable for applications that have dependencies or requirements that cannot be met by the cloud alone, such as legacy infrastructure, compliance, security, or performance1. A hybrid cloud migration approach can help reduce capital expenses by moving some components of the application to the cloud, while retaining others on-premises. A hybrid cloud migration approach can also provide flexibility, scalability, and resilience to the application, as it can leverage the best features of both environments2. A lift and shift cloud migration approach involves moving an application to the cloud as-is, without making any significant changes to its architecture or configuration. A lift and shift cloud migration approach is not appropriate for applications that require legacy infrastructure and cannot be moved to the cloud, as it would result in compatibility issues, performance degradation, or increased costs3. A rip and replace cloud migration approach involves discarding an application and replacing it with a new one that is designed for the cloud. A rip and replace cloud migration approach is not appropriate for applications that require legacy infrastructure and cannot be moved to the cloud, as it would result in loss of functionality, data, or customization, as well as increased complexity, risk, and cost4. An in-place upgrade cloud migration approach involves updating an application to a newer version that is compatible with the cloud, without changing its location or platform. An in- place upgrade cloud migration approach is not appropriate for applications that require legacy infrastructure and cannot be moved to the cloud, as it would not reduce capital expenses or provide any benefits of the cloud. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ CLO-002 Study Guide, Chapter 2: Cloud Migration, pages 49-50.

Correct Answer: D

Explanation: Lift and shift is a cloud migration method that involves moving an application or workload from one environment to another without making any significant changes to its architecture, configuration, or code. Lift and shift is also known as rehosting or forklifting. Lift and shift is best suited for disaster recovery scenarios because it allows for a fast and simple migration of applications or workloads to the cloud in case of a disaster or disruption in the original environment. Lift and shift can also reduce the risk of errors or compatibility issues during the migration process, as the application or workload remains unchanged. Lift and shift can also leverage the cloud's scalability, availability, and security features to improve the performance and resilience of the application or workload. However, lift and shift may not take full advantage of the cloud's native capabilities and services, and may incur higher operational costs due to the maintenance of the legacy infrastructure and software. Therefore, lift and shift may not be the best option for long-term or strategic cloud migration, but rather for short-term or tactical cloud migration for disaster recovery purposes. Replatforming, phased, and rip and replace are not the best cloud migration methods for disaster recovery scenarios, as they involve more changes and complexity to the application or workload, which may increase the migration time and risk. Replatforming is a cloud migration method that involves making some modifications to the application or workload to optimize it for the cloud environment, such as changing the operating system, database, or middleware. Replatforming is also known as replatforming or refactoring. Replatforming can improve the performance and efficiency of the application or workload in the cloud, but it may also introduce some challenges and costs, such as testing, debugging, and licensing. Phased is a cloud migration method that involves moving an application or workload to the cloud in stages or increments, rather than all at once. Phased is also known as iterative or hybrid. Phased can reduce the impact and risk of the migration process, as it allows for testing, feedback, and adjustment along the way. However, phased can also prolong the migration time and effort, as it requires more coordination and integration between the source and target environments. Rip and replace is a cloud migration method that involves discarding the existing application or workload and building a new one from scratch in the cloud, using cloud-native technologies and services. Rip and replace is also known as rebuild or cloud-native. Rip and replace can maximize the benefits and potential of the cloud, but it may also entail the highest cost and complexity, as it requires a complete redesign and redevelopment of the application or workload. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ CLO-002 Study Guide, Chapter 7: Cloud Migration, Section 7.2: Cloud Migration Methods, Page 2111 and Cloud Migration Strategies: A Guide to Moving Your Infrastructure | Rackspace Technology

Correct Answer: B

The total cloud expenditure for the following month can be calculated by adding the costs of storage, compute, and network. However, since the network team has established a new connection to an IaaS CSP that is more efficient and has networking costs that are 25% less than previous monthly expenditures, the network cost for the following month will be reduced by 25%. Therefore, the network cost for the following month will be $7000 x (1 - 0.25) = $5250. The total cloud expenditure for the following month will be $10000 + $12000 + $5250 = $26250. References: https://www.comptia.org/training/books/cloud-essentials- clo-002-study-guide, Chapter 6, page 212-213

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: Disaster recovery is the process of restoring the normal operations of an organization after a disruptive event, such as a natural disaster, a cyberattack, or a human error. Disaster recovery involves the planning, preparation, and implementation of strategies and procedures to minimize the impact and duration of the disruption, and to ensure the continuity and availability of the critical functions and data of the organization1 RTO and RPO are two key metrics that are used to measure and evaluate the disaster recovery capabilities and objectives of an organization. RTO stands for Recovery Time Objective, which is the maximum acceptable amount of time that an application or a service can be offline or unavailable after a disruption. RPO stands for Recovery Point Objective, which is the maximum acceptable amount of data that can be lost or unrecoverable after a disruption2 When designing a new cloud-enabled application, an organization that is considering RTO and RPO is most likely concerned about disaster recovery, as these metrics can help the organization to determine the optimal level of backup, redundancy, and recovery for the application, as well as the potential costs and risks of downtime or data loss. RTO and RPO can also help the organization to choose the appropriate cloud service model, provider, and deployment option that can meet the disaster recovery requirements and expectations of the organization and its customers3 References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ Certification Exam Objectives4, CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ Study Guide, Chapter 7: Cloud Security5, Cloud Essentials+ Certification Training

Correct Answer: D

Explanation: SaaS stands for Software as a Service, which is a cloud service model that provides ready-to-use software applications over the internet. The cloud service provider (CSP) is responsible for managing and maintaining the software, including its development, deployment, updates, security, availability, and performance. The customer only needs to access the software through a web browser or a client application, and pay for the usage or subscription. SaaS puts the most liability on the provider with regard to shared responsibility, as the provider handles most of the security and operational tasks for the software, and the customer has minimal control and customization options. Examples of SaaS applications include email, CRM, ERP, accounting, and collaboration tools. The other cloud service models put less liability on the provider and more on the customer, as the customer has more control and responsibility over the cloud resources. IaaS stands for Infrastructure as a Service, which provides virtualized computing resources such as servers, storage, and networking over the internet. The CSP is responsible for securing and maintaining the physical infrastructure, while the customer is responsible for managing the operating system, applications, data, and configurations. PaaS stands for Platform as a Service, which provides a cloud-based environment for developing, testing, and deploying software applications. The CSP is responsible for managing the underlying infrastructure, middleware, and runtime environment, while the customer is responsible for developing, deploying, and managing the applications and data. BPaaS stands for Business Process as a Service, which provides a cloud-based platform for automating and orchestrating business processes. The CSP is responsible for managing the platform, including its integration, security, and scalability, while the customer is responsible for defining, executing, and monitoring the business processes and rules. Therefore, the correct answer is D. SaaS, as it puts the most liability on the provider with regard to shared responsibility. References: Cloud Computing Service Models, Shared responsibility in the cloud, Understanding the Shared Responsibilities Model in Cloud Services.

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: According to the CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ Study Guide, risk response is the process of developing and implementing strategies to address the identified risks in a cloud project1. There are four types of risk response strategies: acceptance, transference, avoidance, and mitigation1. Each strategy has its own advantages and disadvantages, depending on the nature and impact of the risk. Acceptance is the strategy of acknowledging the risk and its consequences, without taking any action to reduce or eliminate it. This strategy is suitable for risks that have low probability and low impact, or for risks that are unavoidable or too costly to address. Acceptance can be passive, where no contingency plans are prepared, or active, where some reserves or fallback options are allocated1. Transference is the strategy of shifting the risk and its responsibility to a third party, such as a cloud service provider, an insurance company, or a subcontractor. This strategy is suitable for risks that have high impact but low probability, or for risks that require specialized skills or resources to handle. Transference does not eliminate the risk, but it reduces the exposure and liability of the organization. However, transference also involves some costs and trade-offs, such as loss of control, dependency, or contractual issues1. Avoidance is the strategy of eliminating the risk and its causes, by changing the scope, plan, or design of the cloud project. This strategy is suitable for risks that have high probability and high impact, or for risks that are unacceptable or intolerable for the organization. Avoidance can be effective in removing the threat, but it can also result in missed opportunities, reduced benefits, or increased costs1. Mitigation is the strategy of reducing the probability and/or impact of the risk, by implementing some preventive or corrective actions. This strategy is suitable for risks that have moderate probability and impact, or for risks that can be controlled or minimized. Mitigation can be proactive, where actions are taken before the risk occurs, or reactive, where actions are taken after the risk occurs1. In the given scenario, an organization determines it cannot go forward with a cloud migration due to the risks involved. This describes the avoidance strategy, as the organization is eliminating the risk and its causes by changing the plan of the cloud project. The organization is avoiding the potential negative consequences of the cloud migration, but it is also foregoing the potential benefits and opportunities of the cloud adoption. References: 1: https://www.comptia.org/training/books/cloud-essentials-clo-002- study-guide, Chapter 7, page 241-243

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: Availability is one of the security objectives that refers to the ability of authorized users to access and use the system and its resources when needed1. Availability is most improved when moving a system to the cloud, as cloud

computing offers several benefits that enhance the reliability and accessibility of the system, such as23:

Scalability: Cloud computing allows the system to dynamically adjust the amount of resources allocated to meet the changing demand, without affecting the performance or availability of the system.

Redundancy: Cloud computing provides multiple copies of the system and its data across different locations and servers, ensuring that the system can continue to operate even if one or more components fail.

Backup and recovery: Cloud computing enables the system to regularly backup the data and configuration to the cloud, and restore them quickly in case of a disaster or a failure.

Maintenance and updates: Cloud computing allows the system to receive timely and automatic updates and patches from the cloud provider, without disrupting the availability of the system or requiring downtime. Service level agreements:

Cloud computing offers service level agreements (SLAs) that guarantee a certain level of availability and uptime for the system, and provide compensation or remediation in case of a breach. References: 1:

CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ Certification Study Guide, Second Edition (LO-002), Chapter 4: Cloud Security, Section 4.1: Cloud Security Concepts, Subsection 4.1.1: Security Objectives; 2: IBM, What is Cloud Security? Cloud Security

Defined; 3: Spiceworks, What Is Cloud Computing Security? Definition, Risks, and Security Best Practices

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: Machine learning Comprehensive Explanation: Machine learning is a scientific study of algorithms and statistical models that a computer system integrates to improve performance of a specific task effectively based on information1. Machine learning is a subfield of artificial intelligence that uses data and algorithms to imitate the way that humans learn, gradually improving its accuracy2. Machine learning enables machines to perform tasks that would otherwise only be possible for humans, such as categorizing images, analyzing data, or predicting price fluctuations2. Machine learning algorithms are typically created using frameworks that accelerate solution development, such as TensorFlow and PyTorch2. IoT, or Internet of Things, is a network of physical devices, vehicles, appliances, and other items embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity that enable these objects to exchange data and interact with each other3. IoT is not a scientific study of algorithms and statistical models, but a technological paradigm that connects various devices and systems to the internet. Big Data is a term that refers to the large, complex, and diverse sets of data that are generated at high speed from various sources, such as social media, sensors, web logs, or transactions4. Big Data is not a scientific study of algorithms and statistical models, but a data phenomenon that poses challenges and opportunities for analysis and processing. Blockchain is a system of storing and transferring information in a distributed, decentralized, and secure way using cryptographic principles and peer-to-peer networks5. Blockchain is not a scientific study of algorithms and statistical models, but a data structure and protocol that enables trustless and transparent transactions and records. References : Machine learning -Wikipedia; What Is Machine Learning? Definition, Types, and Examples; What is the Internet of Things (IoT)? | IBM; What is big data? | IBM; What is blockchain? | IBM.

Correct Answer: EF

Explanation: A risk assessment is a process of identifying, analyzing, and controlling hazards and risks within a situation or a place1. According to the CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ Certification Study Guide, Second Edition (LO-002), a risk assessment should include the following steps2: Identify the assets that are relevant to the scope of the assessment. Assets can be physical, such as hardware and software, or non-physical, such as data and information. Identify the threats and vulnerabilities that could affect the assets. Threats are sources of potential harm, such as natural disasters, cyberattacks, or human errors. Vulnerabilities are weaknesses or gaps in the security or protection of the assets, such as outdated software, misconfigured settings, or lack of encryption. Analyze the likelihood and impact of each threat-vulnerability pair. Likelihood is the probability of a threat exploiting a vulnerability, and impact is the severity of the consequences if that happens. The combination of likelihood and impact determines the level of risk for each pair. Evaluate the risks and prioritize them based on their level. Risks can be categorized as low, medium, high, or critical, depending on the organization's risk appetite and tolerance. Risk appetite is the amount of risk that the organization is willing to accept, and risk tolerance is the degree of variation from the risk appetite that the organization can endure. Implement appropriate controls to mitigate or reduce the risks. Controls are measures or actions that can prevent, detect, or correct the occurrence or impact of a risk. Controls can be administrative, technical, or physical, and they can have different functions, such as preventive, detective, corrective, deterrent, or compensating. Based on these steps, two components that should be included in the draft of a risk assessment are asset inventory and data classification. Asset inventory is the process of identifying and documenting the assets that are within the scope of the assessment1. Data classification is the process of categorizing data based on its sensitivity, value, and criticality to the organization3. These components are essential for determining the potential risks and impacts that could affect the assets and data, and for applying the appropriate controls and protection levels.

https://www.comptia.org/training/books/cloud-essentials-clo-002-study-guide https://books.google.com/books/about/CompTIA_Cloud_Essentials+_Certification.html?id= S2TNDwAAQBAJ

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: A virtual private network (VPN) is a technology that creates a secure and encrypted connection over a public network, such as the internet, between two or more endpoints1. A VPN can be used to connect on-premises resources to resources located in a cloud environment, such as a virtual private cloud (VPC), which is a private network hosted within a public cloud2. A VPN allows the on-premises and cloud resources to communicate with each other as if they were on the same local network, without exposing the traffic to the public internet. A VPN can help to ensure the privacy, security, and reliability of the data and applications that are transferred between the on-premises and cloud environments3. A VPN is different from the other options listed in the question, which are not directly related to connecting on-premises resources to resources located in a cloud environment. An access control list (ACL) is a list of rules that defines who or what can access a specific resource, such as a file, a folder, a network, or a service. An ACL can help to enforce the security and authorization policies of the resource owner, but it does not create a secure connection between the on-premises and cloud environments. A secure file transfer protocol (SFTP) is a protocol that uses Secure Shell (SSH) to securely transfer files over a network. SFTP can help to protect the files from unauthorized access, modification, or interception, but it does not create a secure connection between the on-premises and cloud environments. A software-defined network (SDN) is a network architecture that decouples the network control and data planes, and allows the network to be programmatically configured and managed by software applications. SDN can help to improve the flexibility, scalability, and performance of the network, but it does not create a secure connection between the on-premises and cloud environments. References: What is a VPN? | How VPNs Work and Why You Need One | AVG, What is a VPN? What is a virtual private cloud (VPC)? - Cloudflare, What is a virtual private cloud (VPC)? What is a VPN and why is it important for cloud computing? | IBM, What is a VPN and why is it important for cloud computing? [What is an Access Control List (ACL)? - Definition from Techopedia], Access Control List (ACL) Definition. [What is SFTP? | How SFTP Works | Cloudflare], What is SFTP? [What is Software-Defined Networking (SDN)? | Cisco], Software-defined networking (SDN).

Correct Answer: C

Transference is a risk response method that involves shifting the responsibility or impact of a risk to a third party3. Transference does not eliminate the risk, but it reduces the exposure or liability of the original party. A common example of

transference is insurance, where the risk is transferred to the insurer in exchange for a premium4. In this case, the SaaS provider transfers the risk of misuse of the service to the customer by specifying it in the user agreement.

References:

Avoid, Mitigate, Transfer, or Accept? PMP uide, ProjectPractical Avoid, Mitigate, Accept or Transfer?, St Andrews Consulting

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: Availability is the security concern that is best addressed by moving systems to the cloud. Availability refers to the ability of a system or service to be accessible and functional when needed by authorized users. Availability is one of the key benefits of cloud computing, as it provides high reliability, scalability, and performance for the cloud systems and services. Cloud providers use various techniques and technologies to ensure availability, such as: Redundancy: Cloud providers replicate the data and resources across multiple locations, such as regions, zones, or data centers, to prevent single points of failure and provide backup and failover capabilities in case of disasters or disruptions. Load balancing: Cloud providers distribute the workload and traffic among multiple servers or instances to optimize the resource utilization and performance of the cloud systems and services. Auto-scaling: Cloud providers automatically adjust the amount of resources allocated to the cloud systems and services based on the demand or usage, to prevent overloading or underutilizing the resources and ensure consistent availability. Monitoring and recovery: Cloud providers continuously monitor the health and status of the cloud systems and services, and provide alerts and notifications in case of any issues or incidents. Cloud providers also provide tools and methods to recover the cloud systems and services from failures or errors, such as snapshots, backups, or restore points. Availability is different from other security concerns, such as authentication, confidentiality, or integrity. Authentication is the process of verifying the identity and credentials of a user or system before granting access to the cloud systems and services. Confidentiality is the process of protecting the data and information from unauthorized access or disclosure, such as by using encryption, access control, or data masking. Integrity is the process of ensuring the data and information are accurate, complete, and consistent, and have not been modified or corrupted by unauthorized or malicious parties, such as by using hashing, digital signatures, or checksums. References: Cloud Computing Availability - CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ (CLO-002) Cert Guide, Cloud Security ?Amazon Web Services (AWS), Azure infrastructure availability - Azure security | Microsoft Learn, What is Cloud Security? Cloud Security Defined | IBM

Correct Answer: D

Explanation: Geo-redundancy is the strategy of sending copies of data to a distant region from the original cloud storage location. This provides protection against regional disasters or outages that might affect the primary data center. A CSR (cloud service provider) is a third-party company that offers cloud-based services such as storage, computing, networking, or software. A company that uses a CSR to store its data in a geo-redundant manner is leveraging the benefits of cloud computing, such as scalability, availability, and cost-effectiveness. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ CLO-002 Study Guide, page 103; CompTIA Cloud Storage Requirements- What You Need to Know